DNA testing in cows is reducing superbug risk
The dairy industry is embracing new technology to help address antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It allows a more precise identification of mastitis in dairy cattle. Mastitis is a painful condition that reduces milk production and quality.
The technology uses DNA technology to address the important and growing issue of AMR. AMR reduces the ability to treat serious bacterial infections in animals and humans. Though a natural defence mechanism, inappropriate antibiotic use can increase resistance. This makes infections more difficult to treat.
The dairy industry is an important contributor to the Australian economy. In 2017–18, it accounted for around 7 percent ($4.4 million) of the gross value of agricultural production (ABS 2019). It also accounted for around 7 percent ($3.5 billion) of agricultural export income.
Poor udder health costs Australian dairy farmers $150 million per year. The major cause is mastitis, which is usually treated with antibiotics.
It can be challenging though, to know which antibiotic to use, and whether they will help at all. Preventative use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is common by veterinarians and dairy farmers. They also administer them while awaiting culture results from the laboratory.
The Biosecurity Animal Division is collaborating with the CSIRO. Together they are producing a cow-side, point-of-care test. This is possible through funding from the Biosecurity Innovation Program.
The test identifies common, causative bacteria for mastitis. It is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.
The test process is for bacterial DNA to be extracted from fresh milk. Target bacteria is then identified in under 30 minutes, creating a ‘laboratory in a drop’.
CSIRO is working with Queensland biotechnology company, XING, and the dairy industry. Together, they are developing this proof-of-concept project. This will ensure that the technology fits with workflows in Australian dairies.
The dairy industry wants a reliable, quick and affordable test. This will help inform treatment decisions for mastitis.
Dr Jenny Baird said the test will help treatment decisions to be better informed. Dr Baird is a Veterinary Officer in Animal Health Policy.
‘They desire a cost effective, fast and reliable test for on-farm use,' she said.
'Real-time information could lead to more selective antibiotic use. This would reduce the likelihood of ‘superbugs’, which are difficult to treat.
In 2020–21, further laboratory testing and in field trials will be undertaken.
